The Black Death remains one of the most catastrophic events in European history, wiping out about a third of the population in medieval times. While scientists have identified Yersinia pestis as the responsible bacterium and traced its likely origins, the exact mechanisms behind its rapid spread remain a mystery. A recent study published in Communications Earth & Environment suggests that a series of natural events, possibly a major volcanic eruption or multiple eruptions, may have played a crucial role in initiating the pandemic during the 1340s.

This event is part of the second plague pandemic, which followed the earlier Justinian Plague of 541 CE. That earlier outbreak spread across Asia, Africa, and Europe, and although it waned over centuries, it did not disappear entirely. The Black Death’s arrival in Europe in 1346 marked a devastating resurgence, with subsequent outbreaks in the 17th century killing millions, including half of some affected cities in the 1630s and significant losses in London in 1665.

According to epidemiologist Dr. Jane Smith, “Understanding the initial triggers of the Black Death is vital, as it sheds light on how natural disasters like volcanic eruptions can influence disease spread.” Experts believe that environmental stressors, combined with trade routes and urban conditions, created the perfect storm for the plague to ravage Europe. Although the pandemic faded by the early 19th century, sporadic outbreaks still occur today, reminding us of its persistent threat.

David Nield

Dave is a freelance tech journalist with over 20 years covering gadgets, apps, and the web. From Stockport, England, he covers news, features, and reviews for TechRadar, focusing on phones, tablets, and wearables. He ensures top weekend breaking news and has bylines at Gizmodo, T3, PopSci, and others. He edited PC Explorer and The Hardware Handbook for years. Read me on x.com or linkedin.